Prop Bets Explained

Prop bets explained in 60 seconds

A prop bet (short for proposition bet) is a wager on a specific event or outcome within a game that does not depend on the final score or who wins. Instead of betting on the Philadelphia Eagles to win or the total points to go over 45.5, you might bet on whether Jalen Hurts will throw over 1.5 touchdown passes, or whether the first score of the game will be a field goal.

Prop bets let you focus on individual performances, specific game events, and scenarios that traditional moneylines, spreads, and totals do not cover.

Here are three quick examples:

• NFL: Will Travis Kelce score over 0.5 receiving touchdowns? (Yes -130 / No +110)
• NBA: Will Luka Doncic finish with over 30.5 points? (Over -115 / Under -105)
• MLB: Will Shohei Ohtani record over 7.5 strikeouts? (Over -120 / Under +100)

Props are available at every major US sportsbook and cover NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL, college sports, and more. They range from simple yes/no questions to over/under stat lines, and they attract everyone from casual fans who want action on their favorite player to experienced bettors looking for edges in niche markets.

Jump to a section:

• What is a prop bet
• How prop bets work
• Types of prop bets
• How to read prop bet odds
• How to use the Prop Bet Calculator
• Prop betting strategy basics
• Settlement rules and edge cases
• FAQ

Before you start placing prop bets, you can use our free Prop Bet Calculator to check payouts, implied probability, and expected value on any prop line.

What is a prop bet

A proposition bet, or prop bet, is any wager that focuses on a specific occurrence or non-occurrence during a sporting event rather than the final result. The word "proposition" simply means a statement that can be true or false: "Tyreek Hill will have over 75.5 receiving yards" is a proposition. You bet on whether that statement comes true.

Props exist because they allow sportsbooks to offer markets beyond the three traditional bet types (moneyline, point spread, and total). This creates more options for bettors and more engagement for sportsbooks. For bettors, props let you wager on areas where you may have stronger opinions or better information than the general market. If you closely follow a specific player or know a particular matchup well, props give you a way to act on that knowledge.

Why do sportsbooks offer so many props?

The answer is market depth and engagement. Sportsbooks want bettors to have reasons to keep watching every minute of every game. A player prop on a quarterback's passing yards gives you a reason to pay attention to every throw. A game prop on total field goals gives you a reason to care about each red zone drive. More markets mean more betting activity, which means more revenue for the sportsbook. For bettors, this is mostly a positive development. More markets create more opportunities to find value, especially in thinner, less efficient markets where the sportsbook's pricing may be less precise.

The trade-off is that more options can lead to more impulsive betting. Having 50 prop markets available for a single NFL game can feel overwhelming, and the temptation to bet on several of them is real. This is where discipline and a clear strategy become essential.

How props compare to core bet types:

Bet Type	What You Are Betting On	Example
Moneyline	Which team wins	Cowboys -150 to beat Giants
Point spread	Margin of victory	Cowboys -3.5 (-110)
Total (over/under)	Combined score	Over 44.5 total points (-110)
Prop bet	A specific event within the game	Dak Prescott over 275.5 passing yards (-115)

One important thing to understand from the start: prop bets tend to carry higher variance than traditional markets. Because they focus on individual performances rather than team-level outcomes, results can be more unpredictable. A running back might get injured in the first quarter, a pitcher might be pulled early, or a basketball player might sit out the fourth quarter in a blowout. Sportsbooks also tend to set lower betting limits on props because their pricing models for individual performances carry more uncertainty.

None of this means you should avoid props. It means you should understand what you are getting into. Props are entertaining, they add a layer of engagement to watching games, and they can offer genuine value when you do your research. But they are also higher-variance and lower-limit compared to core markets. Approach them with realistic expectations and a clear budget.

How prop bets work

Prop bets work similarly to other sports bets in that sportsbooks set a line and offer odds on both sides. The difference is what the line represents.

With a total, the line might be 44.5 points and you bet whether the combined score goes over or under. With a player prop, the line might be 22.5 points for a specific player, and you bet whether that player finishes above or below that number. With a yes/no prop, the question might be whether a certain event happens at all, like a player scoring a touchdown.

The two most common prop formats are:

• Over/under props: A sportsbook sets a stat line (such as 6.5 rebounds), and you bet on whether the actual result goes over or under that number.
• Yes/no props: A sportsbook frames a question (such as "Will Player X score the first basket?"), and you bet yes or no.

Worked example: NBA player points prop

Suppose DraftKings lists Jayson Tatum points at 27.5. The odds are Over -115 and Under -105. Here is how it works step by step:

1. The sportsbook sets 27.5 as the line based on Tatum's projections, matchup, and recent form.
2. You decide whether you think Tatum will score 28 or more points (over) or 27 or fewer points (under). The half-point (0.5) eliminates the possibility of a push.
3. If you bet $100 on the over at -115, your potential profit is $86.96 (you risk $115 to win $100, or equivalently $100 to win $86.96).
4. If Tatum scores 30 points, your over bet wins. If he scores 25, it loses.

The sportsbook grades the prop once the game ends (or, in some cases, once the player is no longer participating). Grading refers to the process of settling the bet and determining whether you won or lost.

How sportsbooks price props

Sportsbooks use statistical models, historical data, injury reports, and market activity to set prop lines. Unlike spreads and totals where there is heavy public betting action that helps sharpen the lines, prop markets tend to be thinner. This means the lines can sometimes be less precise, which is one reason experienced bettors look for value in props.

However, thinner markets also mean sportsbooks protect themselves with wider juice (the built-in margin on each side of the bet) and lower limits. You will sometimes see props priced at -120/-110 or even -130/+100 rather than the standard -110/-110 you see on spreads and totals.

Worked example: NFL anytime touchdown scorer prop

FanDuel lists Travis Kelce anytime touchdown scorer at Yes -110 and No -110. Here is what this means:

1. The sportsbook estimates roughly a coin-flip chance that Kelce scores at least one touchdown in this game (after accounting for juice on both sides).
2. If you bet $110 on Yes and Kelce scores a touchdown at any point during the game (including overtime), you win $100 in profit plus your $110 stake back.
3. If Kelce does not score a touchdown, you lose your $110.
4. It does not matter when the touchdown happens. First quarter or overtime, a one-yard catch or a 50-yard reception, it all counts.

Anytime touchdown scorer is one of the most popular NFL prop formats because it is simple to understand and directly tied to watching the game. You are rooting for a specific player to reach the end zone, which adds a personal stake to every drive.

Worked example: MLB pitcher strikeouts prop

BetMGM lists Gerrit Cole over/under 7.5 strikeouts at Over -130 and Under +110.

1. The sportsbook projects Cole to finish near 7 or 8 strikeouts based on his recent form, the opposing lineup's strikeout rate, and historical data.
2. If you bet $100 on the over at -130, you win $76.92 in profit if Cole records 8 or more strikeouts.
3. If Cole strikes out 7 or fewer batters, your bet loses.
4. The -130 price tells you the sportsbook considers the over slightly more likely than the under in this spot.

These worked examples illustrate a key principle: understanding exactly what you are betting on and how it settles removes confusion and helps you focus on evaluating value rather than worrying about the mechanics.

Types of prop bets

Props fall into several categories. Understanding the differences helps you decide which types fit your knowledge, your betting style, and your risk tolerance.

Player props

Player props are wagers on individual player performances. They are the most popular type of prop bet and the most widely offered across sportsbooks. Common markets include:

• Passing yards, touchdowns, and interceptions (NFL quarterbacks)
• Rushing yards and rushing attempts (NFL running backs)
• Receiving yards and receptions (NFL wide receivers and tight ends)
• Points, rebounds, assists, and three-pointers (NBA players)
• Strikeouts, hits allowed, and earned runs (MLB pitchers)
• Hits, home runs, and RBIs (MLB hitters)

Player props let you isolate one performance and bet on it. If you study matchups closely (for example, how a specific wide receiver performs against a particular cornerback), player props give you a market where that knowledge can matter.

For a complete guide to player props, including sport-specific strategies and market breakdowns, see our player props explained article.

Game props

Game props focus on events within the game rather than individual players. Examples include:

• Will there be a safety in the game? (Yes/No)
• Total number of three-pointers made by both teams (Over/Under)
• Will the game go to overtime? (Yes/No)
• First scoring method (touchdown, field goal, safety)
• Total runs scored in the first inning (Over/Under)

Game props are useful when you have a strong opinion about how a game will unfold without wanting to pin it on one player. They also tend to be less influenced by individual injury scratches than player props, though they still carry meaningful variance.

Learn more in our complete game props explained guide.

Team props

Team props are similar to game props but focus on one team rather than both. Examples include:

• Total points scored by the Kansas City Chiefs (Over/Under 24.5)
• Will the Lakers lead at halftime? (Yes/No)
• Total strikeouts by the Yankees pitching staff (Over/Under 8.5)

Team props sit between the specificity of player props and the broader scope of game props. They are particularly useful when you have a strong read on one side of a game but do not want to bet the spread. For example, if you believe the Chiefs offense will dominate but are less sure about the defense, you can bet a team total rather than taking the side.

Where different prop types show up by sport

Each sport has its own prop ecosystem. Here is a quick breakdown of where you will find the deepest markets:

• NFL: Player props dominate (passing, rushing, receiving yards and touchdowns). Game props are also popular (total field goals, first scoring play, will there be a safety). The NFL is the single biggest prop market in the US by volume. For sport-specific strategies, see our NFL player props guide.
• NBA: Points, rebounds, assists, and three-pointers make for a deep player prop market. Combination props (points + rebounds + assists, or PRA) are widely offered. The high-scoring, stat-heavy nature of basketball makes it ideal for prop betting. See our NBA player props guide for a complete breakdown.
• MLB: Pitcher props (strikeouts, earned runs, outs recorded) and hitter props (hits, home runs, total bases, RBIs) are the main markets. MLB props are interesting because starting pitching matchups are known in advance and heavily influence line setting.
• NHL: Goals, assists, shots on goal, and saves are the primary player prop markets. NHL props are a smaller market than NFL or NBA but can offer value because there is less public attention and thinner modeling.

Novelty and exotic props

Novelty props cover events outside normal game play. They are most common during major events like the Super Bowl. Examples include:

• Length of the national anthem (Over/Under 2 minutes)
• Color of the Gatorade poured on the winning coach
• Coin toss result (heads or tails)

These are entertainment bets. They have no analytical edge because the outcomes are largely random or unrelated to sports knowledge. Treat them as fun side bets with small stakes, not as part of a serious betting strategy.

Prop type comparison

Prop Type	Focus	Variance	Beginner Friendly	Common Limit Issues
Player props	Individual performance	High	Yes (simple to understand)	Often limited for sharp bettors
Game props	In-game events	Medium-High	Yes	Moderate limits
Team props	Single-team performance	Medium	Yes	Moderate limits
Novelty props	Entertainment events	Random	Yes (but no edge)	Very low limits

Player props vs game props

The most common question new prop bettors have is whether to focus on player props or game props. Here is a straightforward comparison to help you decide.

Factor	Player Props	Game Props
What you bet on	One player's stats (points, yards, strikeouts)	Game-level events (total 3-pointers, first scoring method)
Research edge	Matchup data, usage rates, recent form	Team tendencies, pace, game script projections
Injury impact	High (one scratch can void your bet)	Lower (team still plays)
Variance	Higher (individual outcomes are less predictable)	Medium (team-level events smooth out variance)
Market availability	Extensive (dozens of lines per game)	Moderate (fewer options per game)
Best for beginners	Yes (easy to follow your favorite player)	Yes (less dependent on one player)

Both types offer opportunities. Many experienced bettors mix player and game props depending on where they see the best value. For dedicated deep dives, see player props explained and game props explained.

How to read prop bet odds

Understanding how to read prop bet odds is essential before placing any wager. In the United States, sportsbooks display odds in American format (also called moneyline format). Here is how it works.

Negative odds (favorites): A number like -130 tells you how much you need to risk to win $100. At -130, you would risk $130 to win $100 in profit. If you bet $50, you would win $38.46 in profit.

Positive odds (underdogs): A number like +110 tells you how much you would win on a $100 bet. At +110, a $100 bet returns $110 in profit. If you bet $50, you would win $55 in profit.

Worked example: NFL rushing yards prop

A sportsbook lists Derrick Henry rushing yards at 89.5:

• Over 89.5: -125
• Under 89.5: +105

If you bet $100 on the over at -125, you risk $100 and your potential profit is $80 (calculated as $100 divided by 1.25). If Henry rushes for 90 or more yards, you win $80 plus your $100 stake back. If he rushes for 89 or fewer yards, you lose your $100.

If you bet $100 on the under at +105, you risk $100 and your potential profit is $105. If Henry rushes for 89 or fewer yards, you win $105 plus your $100 stake back.

Understanding juice (vig)

Notice that the odds on both sides do not add up to a perfectly fair market. In a no-juice market, if the over is -125 then the fair under would be roughly +125. But the sportsbook lists the under at +105, not +125. That gap is the juice or vig (short for vigorish). It is the sportsbook's built-in margin on every bet.

For prop bets, the juice tends to be higher than for spreads and totals. You will commonly see lines like -130/+100, -120/-110, or even -135/+105. This means you need to be more selective with props because you are giving up more to the house on each wager.

Implied probability

Every set of odds implies a probability. Converting odds to implied probability helps you assess whether a bet offers value.

How to calculate implied probability from American odds:

• For negative odds: Implied probability = (odds value) / (odds value + 100). So -130 implies 130 / 230 = 56.5%.
• For positive odds: Implied probability = 100 / (odds value + 100). So +110 implies 100 / 210 = 47.6%.

Odds-to-probability quick reference:

American Odds	Implied Probability	What It Means
-200	66.7%	Heavy favorite, expected to happen about two-thirds of the time
-150	60.0%	Moderate favorite
-130	56.5%	Slight favorite
-110	52.4%	Close to even (standard juice on spreads/totals)
+100	50.0%	True coin flip (no juice)
+110	47.6%	Slight underdog
+150	40.0%	Moderate underdog
+200	33.3%	Significant underdog

The key insight is that the sportsbook's implied probabilities for both sides of a prop will add up to more than 100%. That excess is the juice. For example, if the over implies 56.5% and the under implies 47.6%, the total is 104.1%. The 4.1% over 100% represents the sportsbook's edge.

Understanding implied probability is the foundation of evaluating any prop bet. If you believe the true probability of an outcome is higher than what the odds imply, that bet may offer positive expected value. Our Prop Bet Calculator handles this math automatically.

Key terms glossary

If you are new to prop betting, here are the essential terms you will encounter:

• Juice (vig): The sportsbook's built-in margin on a bet. Wider juice means you need a higher win rate to break even.
• Implied probability: The probability of an outcome as suggested by the odds. Calculated by converting American odds to a percentage.
• Fair odds: What the odds would be if there were zero juice. If you believe the true probability is 55%, the fair odds would be -122.
• Line: The number the sportsbook sets for a prop (for example, 22.5 points). You bet on whether the actual result goes over or under the line.
• Steam: Rapid line movement caused by heavy or sharp betting action on one side.
• Opening line: The first line posted by a sportsbook when a prop market opens. Lines move from the opening line based on betting activity and new information.
• Closing line: The final line before the event starts. Beating the closing line (getting a better number than where the line closes) is a strong indicator of long-term profitability.
• Sharp: A professional or highly successful bettor whose action moves lines. When sharps bet on a prop, sportsbooks adjust quickly.
• Limit: The maximum bet amount a sportsbook will accept on a specific market. Prop limits are typically much lower than spreads and totals.

How are prop bet odds calculated

Sportsbooks do not pull prop lines out of thin air. They use statistical models built on historical data, projections, and real-time information to set opening lines. Here is what goes into the process at a high level.

Data inputs that shape prop lines:

• Historical performance: A player's season averages, recent form (last 5-10 games), and career trends against specific opponents or in specific conditions.
• Matchup factors: How does the opposing defense rank against the relevant stat category? What is the pace of the game likely to be? For pitchers, what is the opposing lineup's strikeout rate?
• Injury and lineup information: Is a key teammate out, which might increase or decrease the player's workload? Is the player dealing with a minor injury that could limit minutes?
• Projection systems: Many sportsbooks use or license third-party projection models that synthesize all available data into a single expected output for each player.
• Market activity: Once lines open, betting action moves them. If sharp bettors (professionals who consistently win) bet heavily on one side, the line moves. This is called steam or line movement.

Where your edge can come from:

The reason prop markets sometimes offer value is that they are priced from models, and models are estimates. If you have better information than the model (such as knowing that a backup running back will get extra carries due to a late game-time decision), you may spot a line that does not reflect reality.

Common value sources include:

• Late-breaking injury or lineup news that has not yet been priced in
• Matchup-specific analysis that generic models underweight
• Weather conditions (for outdoor sports) that affect passing, rushing, or scoring
• Coaching tendencies or game script projections

A simplified example of how a line gets set: Suppose a projection model estimates that a quarterback will throw for 265 yards in a given game. The sportsbook might set the line at 264.5, then price the over at -115 and the under at -105. The slight lean toward the over in the pricing reflects the model's central estimate, while the juice on both sides ensures the sportsbook profits regardless of which side wins. If sharp bettors bet the over heavily, the line might move to 267.5 or the odds might shift to -125/-105 to balance the book's exposure.

An important warning: Having an opinion is not the same as having an edge. The sportsbooks' models are sophisticated, and their lines are correct more often than most bettors assume. Approach prop betting with humility. Your projections are estimates. The sportsbook's projections are estimates. Neither is guaranteed to be right. The goal is to find spots where you believe the sportsbook's estimate is meaningfully off, not to bet on every prop that looks interesting.

Our Prop Bet Calculator helps you quantify this by converting your estimated probability into fair odds so you can compare them against the sportsbook's line.

How to use the Prop Bet Calculator

Our free Prop Bet Calculator lets you quickly evaluate any prop bet by calculating payouts, implied probability, fair odds, and expected value. Whether you are checking a quick line or doing serious pre-game research, the calculator turns raw odds into actionable numbers.

Step-by-step guide

Step 1: Enter the odds

Input the American odds for the prop you are evaluating. For example, if you are looking at Patrick Mahomes over 275.5 passing yards at -120, enter -120.

Step 2: Enter your stake

Type the amount you plan to bet. This calculates your potential payout and profit.

Step 3: Review the outputs

The calculator shows you:

• Potential payout: Your total return if the bet wins (stake plus profit)
• Potential profit: The net amount you win
• Implied probability: What the odds suggest about the likelihood of the outcome
• Break-even percentage: How often the bet needs to win for you to break even

Step 4: Compare to your estimated probability

This is the most important step. Ask yourself: do I believe this outcome is more likely than the implied probability suggests? If the odds imply a 54.5% chance (at -120) but you believe the true probability is 60%, that represents potential positive expected value.

Worked example: evaluating a prop with the calculator

Scenario: FanDuel lists Joel Embiid over 28.5 points at -115.

1. Enter odds: -115

2. Enter stake: $50

3. Calculator outputs:

   • Potential payout: $93.48
   • Potential profit: $43.48
   • Implied probability: 53.5%
   • Break-even rate: 53.5%

4. You check the matchup. Embiid is playing against a team ranked 28th in interior defense, he has averaged 32 points in his last five games, and his usage rate is above 35%. You estimate the true probability of him going over 28.5 at 60%.

5. Since your estimated probability (60%) is higher than the implied probability (53.5%), this looks like a positive expected value bet. You are getting better odds than you believe the outcome warrants.

A critical reminder: Expected value is based on your estimate of the true probability. If your estimate is wrong, the EV calculation is wrong too. The calculator is a tool for organizing your thinking, not a guarantee of profit.

Second example: MLB strikeout prop

BetMGM lists a starting pitcher over 6.5 strikeouts at -140.

1. Enter odds: -140

2. Enter stake: $70

3. Calculator outputs:

   • Potential payout: $120
   • Potential profit: $50
   • Implied probability: 58.3%
   • Break-even rate: 58.3%

4. You check the data. The pitcher averages 8.2 strikeouts per start this season, and the opposing lineup strikes out at a 26% rate, which is well above league average. You estimate the true probability at 65%.

5. Your estimated probability (65%) exceeds the implied probability (58.3%), suggesting positive expected value. The higher juice on this line (-140) means you need to be confident in your estimate, but the data supports it.

When to use the calculator

The calculator is most useful in these situations:

• Before placing any prop bet: Get the implied probability so you know what the sportsbook thinks the chances are. If you cannot articulate why you disagree with that number, reconsider the bet.
• Comparing lines across sportsbooks: Enter odds from two different books to see which gives you better implied probability and higher potential profit on the same prop.
• Evaluating SGP legs: Before adding a prop to a Same Game Parlay, check the standalone expected value. If the prop does not look good on its own, adding it to an SGP does not improve it.
• Learning odds math: If you are new to sports betting, running a few props through the calculator helps you build intuition for how odds translate to probability and profit. After using it regularly, you will start to estimate implied probability in your head.

The goal is to make the calculator a natural part of your pre-bet routine. It takes 10 seconds to check a line, and that check can save you from placing bets where the math is not in your favor.

Try the calculator

For the full calculator experience with additional features and detailed explanations, visit the Prop Bet Calculator page.

Prop betting strategy basics

Successful prop betting is not about picking winners on every bet. It is about finding value consistently over time and managing your bankroll so that variance does not wipe you out. Here are the core principles.

What value means for props

A bet has value when the true probability of an outcome is higher than what the odds imply. This is the concept of positive expected value (+EV). You do not need to win every bet to be profitable. You need to consistently find spots where the odds are in your favor.

For example, if you find a prop where the implied probability is 50% but you believe the true probability is 57%, that is a +EV bet. Over hundreds of bets at similar edges, the math works in your favor even though you will lose many individual bets along the way.

For a deeper dive into value betting, line shopping, and advanced prop strategies, see our prop betting strategy guide.

Why unders can be overlooked

Public betting tends to favor the over on player props. Bettors naturally want to root for more points, more yards, and more touchdowns. This bias can create value on the under side. When the public loads up on overs, sportsbooks may shade lines upward, making unders slightly more attractive.

This is not a blanket rule. Betting unders is not inherently better than betting overs. But being willing to take the under when the numbers support it gives you access to value that many recreational bettors ignore.

Line shopping across sportsbooks

Different sportsbooks set different lines for the same prop. One book might list a player at 22.5 points while another lists 23.5. That one-point difference can dramatically change the probability and value of the bet. Always check multiple books before placing a prop bet.

Line shopping is one of the simplest and most effective ways to improve your results. It requires no additional analysis. You are just taking the best available number.

Example of the impact of line shopping: Suppose you want to bet the over on a player's rushing yards. One sportsbook offers over 69.5 at -115, while another offers over 67.5 at -115. Same odds, but a two-yard lower line. The difference between 67.5 and 69.5 might seem small, but over the course of a season, consistently getting better numbers adds up to a significant edge. If the player finishes with 68 or 69 yards, you win at the second book and lose at the first.

Having accounts at three to five sportsbooks gives you enough options to find the best line on most props. It takes a few extra minutes per bet, but those minutes can be the difference between a profitable season and a losing one.

Bankroll management for props

Props are higher-variance bets than spreads and totals. This means your bankroll strategy needs to account for longer losing streaks. A few guidelines:

• Keep individual prop bets to 1-3% of your total bankroll. If your bankroll is $1,000, that means $10 to $30 per prop bet.
• Do not increase your bet size after wins or losses. Consistent unit sizing protects you from the emotional swings of variance.
• Track your bets. Record the sport, prop type, odds, stake, and result for every bet. Over time, this data reveals which types of props you evaluate well and which ones you should avoid.
• Set session and weekly limits. Decide in advance how much you are willing to risk in a day or week, and stop when you hit that limit regardless of results.

Use our Prop Bet Calculator to check the expected value before placing each bet. Combining disciplined bankroll management with value-focused selection is the foundation of responsible and sustainable prop betting.

Strategy checklist before placing any prop:

• Have you checked the implied probability and compared it to your own estimate?
• Have you looked at the line at multiple sportsbooks to find the best number?
• Is your bet size within 1-3% of your bankroll?
• Can you explain the specific reason you believe this prop offers value?
• Are you betting based on data and analysis, or on a gut feeling?

If you cannot answer yes to all five, consider passing on the bet. Discipline is the most underrated edge in prop betting.

Common mistakes to avoid with prop bets

Even experienced bettors make predictable errors with props. The high volume of available markets, combined with the excitement of betting on individual players, makes it easy to fall into bad habits. Recognizing these patterns before they cost you money is one of the most valuable skills you can develop as a prop bettor.

The table below covers the most common mistakes, why they happen, and specific steps to avoid each one.

Mistake	Why It Happens	How to Avoid It
Chasing losses with more props	After a losing streak, the urge to bet more to recover is strong	Stick to your pre-set bankroll limits. Walk away when you hit your daily limit.
Overreacting to small samples	A player has two big games and you assume the trend continues	Use season-long data and matchup context, not just the last two games.
Ignoring the juice	Focusing on the line without checking how much you are paying in vig	Calculate implied probability for every bet. Higher juice means you need to win more often to break even.
Betting too many props per game	Every prop looks interesting and you end up with 10 bets on one game	Be selective. Quality over quantity. Two well-researched props beat ten gut-feel picks.
Not accounting for correlation	Betting the over on a QB's passing yards and his WR's receiving yards without realizing they are connected	Understand which props are correlated. If one hits, the other is more likely to hit too (and vice versa).
Treating social media picks as analysis	Following a popular account's prop picks without understanding the reasoning	Always do your own research. Understand why you are making a bet, not just what the bet is.
Ignoring limits and getting restricted	Consistently betting winning props at one sportsbook	Spread your action across multiple books. Understand that sportsbooks may limit winning prop bettors.

The thread that connects most of these mistakes is overconfidence. Prop markets feel accessible because they are easy to understand. But understanding the format does not mean you have an edge. The best prop bettors are selective, disciplined, and honest about what they do and do not know. If you catch yourself making any of these errors repeatedly, step back and review your process before placing more bets.

For a complete breakdown of each mistake and how to build better habits, read our common prop betting mistakes guide.

Settlement rules and edge cases

Prop bet settlement can be confusing because the rules vary by sportsbook and sometimes by state. Understanding how edge cases are handled helps you avoid surprises after the game ends.

What happens if a player does not play

If a player is listed in a prop market but does not enter the game (a healthy scratch, is inactive, or sits out entirely), most sportsbooks void the bet and refund your stake. This is commonly called "no action." However, the exact rules differ:

• Some sportsbooks void only if the player does not record any stats in the relevant category.
• A few sportsbooks may settle the under as a win if the player has zero stats, though this is less common.
• Always check the specific sportsbook's house rules for player prop settlement before betting.

What happens if a player gets injured mid-game

If a player starts the game but gets injured and leaves early, most sportsbooks still grade the bet based on the final stat line. If you bet the over on 22.5 points and the player scored 8 before leaving, the under wins. The bet is not voided just because the player did not finish the game.

This is one of the risks unique to player props. A key player leaving early can turn a strong position into a losing bet in an instant. It is also why bankroll management and unit sizing matter so much.

Do prop bets count in overtime

In most cases, yes. Overtime stats count toward player prop settlements at the vast majority of US sportsbooks. If you bet the over on a player's points and the game goes to overtime, any points scored in overtime count toward the total.

There are occasional exceptions. Some sportsbooks offer specific "regulation only" prop markets where overtime stats are excluded. These are typically labeled clearly, but it is worth checking if you are unsure.

Pushes and voids

A push occurs when the result lands exactly on the line (for example, a player scores exactly 25 points when the line is 25.0). In a push, your stake is returned. Most props use half-point lines (25.5 instead of 25) specifically to avoid pushes, but whole-number lines do appear and pushes are possible.

A void means the bet is canceled entirely and your stake is refunded, as if the bet never happened. Voids typically occur when a player does not participate or when the event is canceled.

Grading timing

Most sportsbooks grade props within minutes to hours after the game ends. Occasionally, grading is delayed if there is a stat correction (for example, an official scoring change in an NBA game that changes a player's assist or rebound total). If you notice a bet that has not been graded, give it 24 to 48 hours before contacting customer support.

Settlement rules quick reference

Scenario	Typical Settlement	Important Notes
Player inactive (does not enter game)	Void / No action (stake refunded)	Check house rules; some books differ
Player injured mid-game	Graded on final stats	Under typically wins if player exits early
Game goes to overtime	OT stats count	Unless labeled "regulation only"
Result lands exactly on the line	Push (stake refunded)	Half-point lines prevent pushes
Game postponed or canceled	Void / No action	Typically voided unless rescheduled within 24 hours
Stat correction after grading	May be re-graded	Sportsbooks reserve the right to adjust within a window

Always read the specific house rules at your sportsbook before placing prop bets, especially on edge-case scenarios. Rules are not universal, and a bet that would void at one book might settle differently at another.

Prop betting legality and college player prop restrictions

Prop betting is legal in every state that has legalized sports betting, but the details vary. The most important variation for prop bettors involves college sports.

College player prop restrictions

Several states prohibit sportsbooks from offering player props on college athletes. This means you cannot bet on an individual college player's stats (such as a quarterback's passing yards or a basketball player's points) in those states. Team-level and game-level props for college sports are generally still available.

The restrictions exist because state legislators and regulators are concerned about the potential for undue influence on amateur athletes. The NCAA has also actively lobbied for restrictions on college player props, arguing that detailed individual markets increase the risk of approaches by bad actors.

Why rules differ by state: Each state writes its own sports betting legislation and regulation. Some states adopted broad prop allowances, while others specifically carved out college player props as restricted markets. A few states have added restrictions after initial legalization, reflecting ongoing regulatory attention.

Because this landscape changes frequently, we recommend checking your specific sportsbook's available markets or your state gaming commission's website for the most current rules. What is available in New Jersey may differ from what is available in Ohio or Massachusetts.

What this means for bettors: If you bet in a state that restricts college player props, you will not see those markets in your sportsbook's app. You can still bet on college game props (such as total points or first team to score) and team props in most cases. If you travel to a different state, the available markets may change based on where you are physically located when you place the bet.

The regulatory conversation around college athlete props is ongoing. As more states review their sports betting frameworks and as the NCAA continues to push for broader restrictions, the rules could change. Staying informed protects you from accidentally trying to place bets that are not available and helps you understand why certain markets appear or disappear.

General legality notes

• You must be 21 or older to bet on sports in most US states (18+ in a few states).
• You must be physically located within a state that has legalized sports betting.
• State availability varies. Just because props are legal does not mean every sportsbook offers the same prop markets in every state.
• Sportsbooks are licensed by individual states, and each license comes with specific conditions about which markets can be offered. This is why the same sportsbook may have different prop offerings in different states.
• This article does not constitute legal advice. Rules change, and you should verify current regulations in your state before placing any bets.

Modern prop formats: SGP props, live props, and micro-betting

The prop betting landscape has evolved significantly in recent years. Three formats in particular have reshaped how bettors engage with props.

Same Game Parlays (SGPs)

A Same Game Parlay combines multiple prop bets from a single game into one parlay ticket. For example, you might combine Jalen Hurts over 250.5 passing yards, DeVonta Smith over 75.5 receiving yards, and the Eagles to win, all in one bet.

SGPs are popular because they offer larger payouts from a single game and let bettors build narratives around how they think a game will unfold. However, they come with important caveats:

• Correlation matters. Sportsbooks adjust SGP odds to account for the fact that props within the same game are often correlated. If the QB goes over on passing yards, his receivers are more likely to go over on receiving yards too. The payout reflects this adjustment, so SGPs typically pay less than a traditional parlay of the same legs would.
• The juice is higher. SGP odds tend to carry more built-in margin for the sportsbook than standard prop bets.
• They are entertainment products. SGPs are designed to be fun and engaging. Treat them as such rather than as a core part of a value-based strategy.

Live props

Live props (also called in-game props) are offered while the game is in progress. Lines update in real time based on what is happening on the field or court. You might see a live prop like "Will there be a touchdown scored in the next 5 minutes?" or a dynamically updating player stat line.

Live props add excitement and can occasionally offer value if you are watching the game closely and spot something the algorithm has not yet adjusted for. However, they move fast, and the juice is typically wider than pre-game props.

Micro-betting

Micro-betting takes live props to an extreme, offering bets on individual plays or short sequences within a game. Examples include betting on the outcome of the next pitch in baseball, the next drive in football, or the next possession in basketball.

Responsible gambling warning: Micro-betting is designed to be fast and engaging. The speed of these markets can lead to impulsive betting and rapid losses. If you participate in micro-betting, set strict limits on your session length and total amount risked. The pace makes it easy to lose track of how much you have wagered. Approach micro-betting with extra caution and never bet more than you can afford to lose.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a prop bet?

A prop bet (proposition bet) is a wager on a specific event or outcome within a sporting event that does not depend on the final score or which team wins. Examples include betting on a player's total points, whether a certain event will occur during the game, or specific in-game milestones. Props focus on individual or game-level occurrences rather than the overall match result.

How do prop bets work?

Prop bets work like other sports bets: a sportsbook sets a line and offers odds on each side. The most common formats are over/under (betting whether a stat will be above or below a number) and yes/no (betting whether a specific event will happen). You pick a side, place your wager, and the sportsbook grades the bet once the relevant event is decided.

What are the different types of prop bets?

The four main types are player props (individual stat lines like points or yards), game props (events within the game like total three-pointers), team props (one team's performance metrics), and novelty props (entertainment-based wagers common during events like the Super Bowl). Each type carries different levels of variance and analytical opportunity.

What happens if a player does not play for a prop bet?

If a player does not enter the game at all, most sportsbooks void the bet and refund your stake (no action). However, if a player enters the game and then leaves early due to injury, the bet is typically graded based on the final stat line. Rules vary by sportsbook, so always check the house rules before placing player props.

Do prop bets count in overtime?

Yes, in most cases. The vast majority of US sportsbooks include overtime stats when grading player and game props. Some sportsbooks offer specific "regulation only" markets that exclude overtime, but these are clearly labeled. If you are unsure, check the sportsbook's settlement rules for the specific prop market.

Are prop bets profitable?

Prop bets can be profitable for disciplined bettors who consistently find positive expected value. However, props carry higher variance and higher juice than traditional markets, which makes consistent profitability more difficult. No betting strategy guarantees profit. Success requires research, line shopping, disciplined bankroll management, and realistic expectations. Use tools like our Prop Bet Calculator to evaluate expected value before betting.

What is a same game parlay prop?

A Same Game Parlay (SGP) combines multiple prop bets from a single game into one parlay wager. All legs must win for the bet to pay out. SGPs are popular because they offer bigger payouts from one game, but they carry more juice than standard props and the odds are adjusted for correlation between legs. They are best treated as entertainment bets rather than a core strategy.

Conclusion and next steps

Prop bets open up a world of betting markets beyond moneylines, spreads, and totals. Whether you are betting on a player's stat line, a specific in-game event, or combining props into a Same Game Parlay, understanding the types, odds mechanics, and settlement rules gives you a significant advantage over bettors who just pick based on gut feel.

Your next steps:

• Check the numbers first. Use our Prop Bet Calculator to evaluate payouts, implied probability, and expected value before placing any prop bet.
• Go deeper on player props. Read our player props explained guide for sport-specific breakdowns and market analysis.
• Build a strategy. Our prop betting strategy guide covers line shopping, value identification, and bankroll management in detail.
• Avoid common traps. Review the common prop betting mistakes every bettor should know about.
• Explore sport-specific props. Check out our NFL player props and NBA player props guides for sport-by-sport strategies.

Remember: prop betting should be enjoyable. Set limits, stick to your bankroll plan, and never wager more than you can afford to lose.